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Small intestinal ion transport

Boosts Immunity & Energy Helps strengthen the immune system while reducing fatigue and oxidative stress

They carry signals between cells

Abbreviations ABCB1: ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 ACSL4: Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 AFAP1L2: Actin filament associated protein 1-like 2 AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase ATGs: Autophagy-related genes Bad: Bcl-2-associated death promoter Bak: Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer Bax: Bcl-2-associated x protein Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2 Bcl-xL: B-cell lymphoma-extra large BCRP: Breast cancer resistance protein BCS: Biopharmaceutical classification system BDMC: Bisdemethoxycurcumin Bim: Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death CACC: Colitis-associated colon cancer CCL2: CC motif chemokine ligand 2 CDF: Curcumin difluorinated CDK: Cyclin-dependent kinase CML: Chronic myelogenous leukaemia COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2 CTL: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 CXCL: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand CXCR: C-X-C chemokine receptor type DCs: Dendritic cells DDS: Drug delivery systems DMC: Demethoxycurcumin DUSP1: Dual specificity phosphatase 1 EGF: Epidermal growth factor EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation Fas: Fatty acid synthase GLUT1: Glucose transporter 1 GPAT1: Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4 GSH: Glutathione, HAS2: Hyaluronan synthase 2 HER: Human epidermal growth factor receptor HIF-1 : Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha HNSCC: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma HSP90: Heat shock protein 90 IL: Interleukin iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase JNK: C-Jun n-terminal kinase KRAS: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog LAMB3: Laminin subunit beta 3 LTC4: Leukotriene C4 MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase Mcl-1: Myeloid cell leukemia-1 MDSCs: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases MRP1: Multidrug resistance protein 1 mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin mTORC1: Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 NCoR2: Nuclear receptor corepressor 2 NETs: Neutrophil extracellular traps NF- B: Nuclear factor kappa-B NK: Natural killer NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance NRF2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 PARP: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase PBMCs: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells PD-1: Programmed death-1 PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1 PfMDR1: Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance protein 1 P-gp: P-glycoprotein PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog PTHLH: Parathyroid hormone-like hormone QSAR: Quantitative structureactivity relationship ROS: Reactive oxygen species RTKs: Receptor tyrosine kinases SASP: Senescence-associated secretory phenotype SCD: Stearoyl-coA desaturase SDF-1: Stromal cell-derived factor 1 SHIP1: Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase 1 SIK3: Salt-inducible kinase 3 SLC7A11: Solute carrier family 7 member 11 SMEDDS: Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system SOX11: SRY-related HMG-box 11 STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 TAMs: Tumor-associated macrophages TCF4: Transcription factor 4 TGF- : Transforming growth factor-beta THC: Tetrahydrocurcumin TLR: Toll-like receptor TNF- : Tumor necrosis factor-alpha TPGS: Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate Tregs: Regulatory T cells TWIST1: Twist family BHLH transcription factor 1 ULK1: Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor WEE1: WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinases References Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al

Quantitative proteomic comparison of rat mitochondria from muscle, heart, and liver